Fantasy tropes are common themes, motifs, or plot devices that frequently appear in fantasy literature, movies, and games. They help shape the genre and create familiar experiences for readers and audiences. Here are some popular fantasy tropes:

1. The Chosen One: A character, often young and seemingly ordinary, is destined to perform a great deed or defeat a powerful evil. This character usually possesses a unique power or quality that sets them apart from others.
2. The Hero's Journey: A narrative structure where a hero embarks on an adventure, faces trials and tribulations, and returns transformed. This trope, popularized by Joseph Campbell, is common in many fantasy stories.
3. Good vs. Evil: A central conflict between forces of good and evil, often personified by characters like a dark lord and a noble hero or group of heroes.
4. Magic System: A set of rules governing the use of magic in the story. It can range from soft magic systems with vague rules (like in Tolkien's works) to hard magic systems with strict rules and limitations (like in Brandon Sanderson's works).
5. Epic Quest: A group of heroes undertakes a perilous journey to achieve a specific goal, such as destroying a powerful artifact or rescuing a captured figure.
6. Medieval Setting: A world reminiscent of medieval Europe, with castles, knights, dragons, and other elements from that historical period.
7. Mythical Creatures: Creatures like dragons, elves, dwarves, orcs, goblins, and unicorns are staples in many fantasy worlds.
8. Dark Lord: A powerful and malevolent figure who seeks to dominate or destroy the world. They are often the primary antagonist that the heroes must defeat.
9. Hidden Royalty: A character, often unaware of their royal lineage, is revealed to be a long-lost prince or princess, leading to a transformation in their role and status in the story.
10. Prophecies: Foretellings of future events that often drive the plot or the characters' actions. These prophecies can be vague or specific and are sometimes self-fulfilling.
11. Mentor Figure: An older, wiser character who guides the hero, offering advice and training. They often have a mysterious or tragic past.
12. Reluctant Hero: A character who is initially unwilling to take on the role of a hero due to fear, insecurity, or a desire for a peaceful life, but eventually rises to the challenge.
13. Ancient Artifacts: Powerful objects from a bygone era, often imbued with magic or possessing unique properties. These artifacts can play a crucial role in the plot, such as the One Ring in The Lord of the Rings.
14. Evil Overlord: Similar to the Dark Lord but often more of a bureaucratic or strategic figure. They may rule through fear, control vast armies, and use manipulation to achieve their goals.
15. Magic School: A place where young characters learn about magic, develop their powers, and form friendships. This trope is central to series like Harry Potter.
16. Shape-shifters and Werecreatures: Beings who can transform into animals or other creatures, often used to explore themes of identity, control, and the wildness within.
17. Lost Civilization: The remnants of a once-great civilization that holds secrets, treasures, or powerful magic. Often, characters must explore these ruins to find something critical to their quest.
18. Portal Fantasy: Characters from the real world are transported to a fantastical realm through a portal, mirror, wardrobe, or other means. This trope allows for exploration of both worlds.
19. Cursed Object: An object imbued with a curse that brings misfortune to those who possess it, often leading to tragic or unpredictable events.
20. Ragtag Team of Adventurers: A diverse group of characters from different backgrounds and abilities who come together to complete a quest or defeat a common enemy.

These tropes can be used in various ways, from straightforward representations to subversions or deconstructions, to create new and engaging fantasy stories.