Paper Tiger

But it still loses to the Scissor Lizard

"In appearance it is very powerful but in reality it is nothing to be afraid of; it is a paper tiger. Outwardly a tiger, it is made of paper, unable to withstand the wind and the rain." —Mao Ze Dong

Subtrope of More Than Meets the Eye. A character is not as tough as their physical appearance and/or personality suggests. Basically the opposite of Hidden Badass.

Paper tiger is a literal English translation of a Chinese phrase, meaning something that seems as threatening as a tiger, but is really harmless. This Chinese colloquialism is similar to the English phrase "its bark is worse than its bite".

The phrase is an ancient one in Chinese culture, but sources differ as to when it entered the English vocabulary. It is found translated to English as early as 1836, in a work by John Francis Davis.

Compare to:

• Cornered Rattlesnake: When they are faced with a fight-or-flight situation.
• Face of a Thug: Because Good Is Impotent in fiction, they are likely to be this.
• Fake Ultimate Hero or Big Bad Wannabe: If they are supposed to to be a mighty hero or a formidable villain respectively.
• Fake Ultimate Mook: If they are in a video game, then they're probably one of these. The Anticlimax Boss is likely to be this as well.
• Miles Gloriosus or Small Name, Big Ego: If they brag about being a badass but are not really one.

Contrast this to Badass on Paper, where the character isn't very impressive in person but actually performed all the impressive feats that are the basis for his or her reputation, Mugging the Monster for the complete opposite (finding that a weak looking individual is much more dangerous than they seem) and the Worf Effect, as it seems that this applies to the Worf him/herself in context, whereas Worf Effect refers to the over-arching phenomenon of "stock 'tough' character handed ass by tougher one."

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Examples of Paper Tiger include:

Anime

• Bellamy the Hyena in One Piece bullies other pirates on the island of Jaya and has spring-based powers with enough concussive force to destroy buildings. Protagonist Monkey D. Luffy and his first mate Roronoa Zoro let themselves get beat up by him under the idea that he has not wronged them. Once he does, however, Luffy challenges him, and Bellamy gets stopped cold with a single punch.

Comics

• Downplayed with the Decepticon Justice Division in Transformers More Than Meets the Eye. They are legitimately powerful fighters but they're also shown to mainly be picking on low-level Decepticon grunts who have no hope in their sparks to match the DJD. When facing someone who can actually fight them on equal footing, they're thrown around and are quickly Killed Off for Real by Megatron.
• The Martians in the Superman/The War of the Worlds Elseworld one-shot. When Superman is pushed to No-Holds-Barred Beatdown territory, it turns out the Martian war machines aren't so robust when facing someone on equal footing.

Film

• The Wizard of Oz (1939). When the Cowardly Lion first appears he acts in an aggressive manner, charging the group and challenging them to a fight. When he tries to attack Toto, Dorothy smacks him on the nose and he starts crying. Granted, the Cowardly Lion also turns out to be a Crouching Moron, Hidden Badass later on.
• In The Naked Gun, the one of the members of the council of evil calls America "a paper tiger."

Literature

• Draco Malfoy in Harry Potter. Talks a big game but the instant he's forced into a fight, he becomes an Inelegant Blubbering mess and is very clearly not a threat to anyone.

Live Action TV

• Osten Taylor from Survivor: Pearl Islands was a buff bodybuilder who had absolutely no idea how to rough it out in nature, almost drowned in a challenge, became convinced that a pelican was out to get him, and ended up being the first contestant to quit Survivor.
• Jade West in Victorious. Gives off the vibe and appearance of a ruthless sadist but when someone isn't intimidated by her, or there's actual danger around, she's the first one to run away.
• Star Trek as a whole infrequently implies this about the Cardassians, suggesting that their danger comes more from their Zerg Rush capabilities and the Federation's Willfully Weak attitudes. If the Federation took the kid gloves off, the Cardassian fleet wouldn't last too long.
• Referenced by name in the fourth season of Supergirl. The Kaznian attack force that Lex Luthor rallies as part of his Engineered Heroics looks threatening as hell but he quickly sinks it with one set of Powered Armor. As he even lampshades later on, there's no way the military might of Ruritania could match the full might of the US military.
• Stranger Things: Angela to a T, although she is closer in size to Mugging the Monster subjects. El (a favorite target of hers) smashes her face with a roller skate, upon which she becomes a crying mess.

Tabletop RPG

• Paranoia supplement Acute Paranoia, adventure "The Harder They Clone". The doorman at a nightclub looks like a character in The Road Warrior: huge, black leather tunic, rippling muscles, and scars. It turns out the PCs can easily kill him since he's unarmed and unarmored.

Video Games

• From Tales of Monkey Island, Bugeye is a bald, tattooed pirate who disrespects the main character and generally talks tough. But once you need to get information out of him, you find that the slightest bit of pressure will make him squeal.
• Sir Prancelot of Scufflewick from Drakensang: he wears a full plate armor, has a cool winged helmet and wields a large two-handed sword. He's also a complete wimp who won't admit his failures and run away from goblins.

Web Comics

• In Minion, Count Antonie's vampiric powers make it nigh-impossible to kill him...but merely beating him up is a dead easy.
• Buck Godot: Zap Gun for Hire had this:

Buck: Amazing what a rep lets you get away with, eh?

Western Animation

• From Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, Nick Dean. He's the ultimate cool dude, the girls all dig him, and he's supposed to be tough. In the movie his part of the plan is to take care of the Big Bad while the others rescue their parents. One look at his competition, though, and he goes screaming like a little girl.
• In Avatar: The Last Airbender, Hakoda tries to pick a fight with a tough-looking prison inmate by shoving him, but instead of fighting back the inmate says "that hurt my feelings!"
• Dave from Dave the Barbarian. As the Theme Song states, he's "huge, but a wimp".
• Johnny Bravo. He's a pretty muscular-looking guy but he's always getting beaten up by the women he flirts with.
• Tiger in Skunk Fu!! Formerly a powerful warrior, after losing to Dragon, he's become a cowering wimp.