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A sonnet is a poetry form. There are several different sonnet forms.
Shakespearian (or English) Sonnet:
The Shakespearian sonnet, named for William Shakespeare, who wrote 154 of them. The sonnet has 14 lines written in iambic pentameter (that is, each line has 10 syllables that naturally pair off). The sonnet is arranged into four quatrains with the rhyme scheme ABAB, and ending in a couplet. The couplet usually represents a "turn" in the poem, either commenting on the previous lines or subverting them.